To improve the flame retardant properties of PVC decorative sheets, we can first start with adding flame retardants. Adding suitable flame retardants to the PVC formula, such as inorganic flame retardants such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, they will decompose and absorb a lot of heat when heated, while releasing water vapor, thereby reducing the temperature of the surrounding environment and delaying the combustion of PVC. Some organic phosphorus flame retardants or halogen flame retardants can also be used. They can produce free radical scavengers during the combustion process to prevent the continued combustion reaction. By scientifically and rationally compounding different types of flame retardants, better flame retardant effects can be achieved.
Optimizing the degree of polymerization of PVC can also improve its flame retardant properties to a certain extent. PVC with a higher degree of polymerization has longer and more stable molecular chains, and is not easy to decompose and produce combustible gases when heated, thereby reducing the possibility of combustion. The degree of polymerization of PVC can be controlled by adjusting the conditions of the polymerization reaction, such as temperature, pressure, and initiator dosage, so as to achieve a more ideal flame retardant effect.
In the production process of PVC decorative sheets, cross-linking treatment is an effective method. After cross-linking, a three-dimensional network structure is formed between the molecular chains of PVC. This structure can improve the thermal stability and mechanical strength of PVC, making it less likely to deform and melt when burning, thereby preventing the spread of flames. PVC can be cross-linked by radiation cross-linking, chemical cross-linking, etc. to enhance its flame retardant properties.
Adding synergists is also an important means to improve the flame retardant properties of PVC decorative sheets. For example, adding some metal oxides, such as antimony trioxide and zinc oxide, can have a synergistic effect with flame retardants, which can enhance the flame retardant effect of flame retardants, so that PVC decorative sheets can produce a thicker carbon layer when burning, isolate oxygen and heat, and further inhibit combustion.
Flame retardant treatment of the surface of PVC decorative sheets is also a feasible method. For example, a layer of flame retardant coating is applied on its surface, or a veneer material with better flame retardancy is used for veneer treatment, so that a fire barrier can be formed on the surface of the PVC decorative sheet. When encountering a fire source, it can effectively prevent the spread of flames and improve the flame retardant properties of the entire decorative board.
In the structural design of PVC decorative sheet, a multi-layer composite structure can be used to combine materials with good flame retardant properties with PVC to form a composite material with better flame retardant properties. For example, a layer of glass fiber felt or other flame retardant materials is added to the middle layer of PVC decorative sheet. Through this structural design, the overall flame retardant properties of PVC decorative sheet can be improved.
In addition, strictly controlling the production process parameters of PVC decorative sheet, such as extrusion temperature, screw speed, etc., to ensure the stability of the production process, avoid degradation or defects of PVC molecular chains due to improper production process, thereby affecting its flame retardant properties, is also an important link in improving the flame retardant properties of PVC decorative sheet. Through the comprehensive application of the above multiple methods, the flame retardant properties of PVC decorative sheet can be effectively improved to meet the requirements of flame retardant properties of decorative materials in different places.
